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As far as we are concerned, IPCD is a engineering device that uses external mechanical force to compress the veins of lower extremities and promote blood return, which can effectively prevent the occurrence of DVT. Specifically, IPCD can be considered as one common mechanical precaution for DVT in clinical practice. Currently, they can be used alone or as an auxiliary measure for drug prevention, and are an important strategies for DVT prevention. The common physical measures include IPCD, gradient elastic stockings, plantar vein pumps, etc. In addition, the critically ill patients are generally in critical condition and have relatively high bleeding risk, so they are not suitable for general anticoagulant therapy. Once the severe bleeding occurs, it is often more intractable than DVT in the lower extremities. It is not suitable for patients with high bleeding risk. Although the anticoagulant drugs including heparin, coumarins, and fondaparinux, can effectively prevent DVT of lower extremities, it can also increase the bleeding risk. These physical treatment can be used alone or combined with drugs. And, the commonly utilized physical measures are intermittent pneumatic compression device (IPCD), graduated compression stockings (GCS), and plantar vein pumps, etc. Īt present, the preventive measures for perioperative DVT in major orthopedic surgery mainly include drug and physical treatment. Therefore, when compared with other patients, it is more necessary to prevent DVT in patients who ever undergo major orthopedic surgeries. In addition, on the basis of previous literatures, after the confirmation of venous angiography, the incidences of DVT after THA and TKA without preventive measures was 42% to 57% and 41% to 85%, respectively, and the incidence of DVT after HFS was 45–70%. It can not only transform into chronic vascular diseases, affect life quality of patients, but also lead to fateful pulmonary embolism. Additionally, being regarded as a serious and even life-threatening complication, DVT mostly occurs in the lower extremities. And, DVT refers to the abnormal coagulation of blood in the deep veins and obstruction of vein lumen, thereby leading to the blockage of venous return. According to the risk classification of venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery, these patients with major orthopaedic surgery are at high risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). During and after major orthopedic surgery, the risk of venous thromboembolism approximates 50–80%, and might persist for up 3 to 6 months after surgery. In general, the major orthopedic surgery includes total hip arthroplasty (THA), total knee arthroplasty (TKA), and hip fraction surgery (HFS), which are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and are especially attributable to the high risk of postoperative venous thromboembolism, on account of excessive production of procoagulants, perioperative immobilization and cement polymerization, etc.
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